Formula: E = -13.6 * (Z² / n²) eV
Energy of an electron in the nth orbit of a hydrogen-like atom.
Formula: r = 0.529 * (n² / Z) Å
Radius of nth orbit in a hydrogen-like atom.
Formula: PV = nRT
Describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.
Formula: ΔU = q + w
Change in internal energy is the sum of heat added and work done.
Formula: w = -nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
Work done during an isothermal process.
Formula: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature.
Formula: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
Volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.
Formula: V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂
Volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at constant temperature and pressure.
Formula: pH = -log[H⁺]
pH of a solution, where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration.
Formula: pOH = -log[OH⁻]
pOH of a solution, where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.
Formula: k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)
Relates rate constant and activation energy.
Formula: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Formula for Gibbs free energy, considering enthalpy and entropy changes.
Formula: E = E⁰ - (0.0591/n) * log(Q)
Relates electrode potential to reaction conditions.
Formula: Pₐ = XₐPₐ⁰
Relates partial pressure and mole fraction.
Formula: q = mcΔT
Formula to calculate heat change.
Formula: E = hν
Planck's equation for photon energy.
Formula: uₐ = √(3RT/M)
Formula for the root mean square velocity of gas molecules.